Journal: Experimental Biology and Medicine

Article Title: Blood rheology biomarkers in sickle cell disease

doi: 10.1177/1535370219900494

Figure Lengend Snippet: Artificial microvascular network (AMVN). (a) Each AMVN device has three identical capillary network units that meet at a single outlet. Up to three of these network units can be made adhesive using relevant adhesion molecules (e.g. laminin and fibronectin). (b) The perfusion rate of the RBC sample in either an adhesive or a nonadhesive network is determined by image analysis of the RBC flow in the post-capillary venules of the network unites (rightmost inset). Arrows indicate flow direction. (A color version of this figure is available in the online journal.)

Article Snippet: SSS is an inventor of some of the technology discussed in this review; he has received compensation as consultant, and research funding from New Health Sciences, Inc. (d/b/a Hemanext) which is commercializing the artificial microvascular network technology.

Techniques: Adhesive

Journal: Biomicrofluidics

Article Title: Vascularized liver-on-a-chip model to investigate nicotine-induced dysfunction

doi: 10.1063/5.0172677

Figure Lengend Snippet: Formation of microvascular networks. (a) General schematic of microvascular networks and timeline. (b) Day-by-day microvascular network formation of 10 × 10 6 HUVECs + 100 000 HDFs/mL. (c) Day 6 immunofluorescent max intensity images of (i) 2.5, (ii) 5, and (iii) 10 × 10 6 HUVECs/mL with 100:1 ratio of HDFs. (d) Perfusion of 1 μ m FluoSpheres into the microvascular networks showing perfusability. (e) Quantification of key microvascular parameters. Each region of interest covers 0.11 mm 2 .

Article Snippet: To determine the downstream effects in a biomimetic setting, nicotine exposure to pre-existing microvascular networks increased ROS at 48 h of exposure.

Techniques:

Journal: Biomicrofluidics

Article Title: Vascularized liver-on-a-chip model to investigate nicotine-induced dysfunction

doi: 10.1063/5.0172677

Figure Lengend Snippet: Microvascular network response to nicotine. (a) Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation within microvascular networks detected by H 2 DCFDA after 48 h of nicotine exposure. (b) Quantification of ROS through H 2 DCFDA MFI. (c) Immunofluorescent images of angiogenesis assay on day 7. (d) Quantification of the sprout length and number of sprouts from angiogenesis assay. (e) Microvascular network perfusion of 70 kDa FITC-dextran after 120 s, showing leakiness. (f) Normalized mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of extravasated FITC-dextran over 120 s and fold change after 120 s.

Article Snippet: To determine the downstream effects in a biomimetic setting, nicotine exposure to pre-existing microvascular networks increased ROS at 48 h of exposure.

Techniques: Angiogenesis Assay, Fluorescence

Journal: Biomicrofluidics

Article Title: Vascularized liver-on-a-chip model to investigate nicotine-induced dysfunction

doi: 10.1063/5.0172677

Figure Lengend Snippet: Vascularized liver-on-a-chip model provides functional outputs. (a) Secreted albumin from microvascular networks, non-vascularized, and vascularized liver-on-a-chip. (i) The normalized (to day 2) time course values are shown along with (ii) day 8 values. (b) Change in albumin values after 48 h exposure to 5 mM APAP when compared to the corresponding control. (c) Secreted urea from non-vascularized and vascularized liver-on-a-chip. (d) Fold change in transcriptional CYP2A6 and CYP3A4 of the liver-on-a-chip. (e) Functional CYP3A4 metabolism with non-vascularized and vascularized liver-on-a-chip when treated with 5 mM APAP and/or 10 μ M nicotine.

Article Snippet: To determine the downstream effects in a biomimetic setting, nicotine exposure to pre-existing microvascular networks increased ROS at 48 h of exposure.

Techniques: Functional Assay, Control

Journal: Nano Convergence

Article Title: Technology for the formation of engineered microvascular network models and their biomedical applications

doi: 10.1186/s40580-024-00416-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: Technology for the formation of engineered microvascular network models (Created at smart.servier.com )

Article Snippet: Fig. 5 Fabrication of a microvascular network by microfluidic systems.

Techniques:

Journal: Nano Convergence

Article Title: Technology for the formation of engineered microvascular network models and their biomedical applications

doi: 10.1186/s40580-024-00416-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fabrication of a microvascular network by photolithography. A Photolithographic approach to generate cellular micropatterns. a Crosslinked chitosan pattern after 180 s of UV exposure. Bar = 100 μm. b , c Engineered tubular structures of BCAEC and HUVEC scanned by confocal laser-scanning microscopy (CLSM). 3D images showed a lumen within the tubular structures. Bar = 20 μm. (Figure reprinted with permission from Ref. ). B , a – c SEM image of the backside lithography technique at different magnifications. We can observe the gradation in height according to the width of the channels. (Figure reprinted with permission from Ref. ). C Culture of primary human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HLMECs) in the hourglass-shaped channels. Scale bar, 50 µm. (Figure reprinted with permission from Ref. )

Article Snippet: Fig. 5 Fabrication of a microvascular network by microfluidic systems.

Techniques: Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy

Journal: Nano Convergence

Article Title: Technology for the formation of engineered microvascular network models and their biomedical applications

doi: 10.1186/s40580-024-00416-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fabrication of a microvascular network by laser degradation. A Schematic of ablation and perfusion process of a human alveolus. B Recreation of mouse brain microvasculature. (Figure reprinted with permission from Ref. ). C Schematic diagram of microvascular fabrication in a multifunctional hydrogel biomaterial. a – f 3D endothelialized channels generated within photodegradable fluorescent gels. Ten days following microvascular endothelialization with HUVECs, F-actin is shown in red, and nuclei are shown in blue. Endothelialization of g , h 60 μm × 60 μm and i , j 45 μm × 45 μm (width × height) channels were obtained. (Figure reprinted with permission from Ref. ). D Left column: time-lapse images of PEGDA during laser-induced degradation of a 500 × 100 × 100 μm (x, y, z) channel. right column: As microbubbles form, they migrate to the reservoir and coalesce to form a large bubble. (Figure reprinted with permission from Ref. ). E Laser illumination using 145 nJ pulse energy results in structures in which both photoablation and cavitation-molded sections are present, indicating that this pulse energy is a threshold value at which the transition between the modes of photoablation and cavitation molding occurs. Scale bar, 10 µm. (Figure reprinted with permission from Ref. )

Article Snippet: Fig. 5 Fabrication of a microvascular network by microfluidic systems.

Techniques: Generated

Journal: Nano Convergence

Article Title: Technology for the formation of engineered microvascular network models and their biomedical applications

doi: 10.1186/s40580-024-00416-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fabrication of a microvascular network by 3D printing. A , a Schematic of three different crosslinking strategies for bioprinting photo-crosslinkable inks (e.g., 5 wt% MeHA shown here), where crosslinking occurs before (pre-crosslink), after (post-crosslink), or during (in situ crosslink) extrusion. b Representative images of nozzles with extruded material and printed lattice structure. (Figure reprinted with permission from Ref. ). B , a Schematic diagram based on a coaxial bioprinting method. b confocal fluorescence image of a bioprinted HUVEC embedded construct under 30 s UV exposure. (Figure reprinted with permission from Ref. ). C A laser printing method generates capillaries. Green fluorescent endothelial cells. The printed cells formed a tubular structure with a lumen. The applied laser pulse energy was 6 µJ, and the patterns in panel a on the left were printed twice in the same place. Scale bars are 200 µm ( a left and b left), 50 µm ( a right and b center), and 10 µm ( c right). (Figure reprinted with permission from Ref. )

Article Snippet: Fig. 5 Fabrication of a microvascular network by microfluidic systems.

Techniques: In Situ, Fluorescence, Construct

Journal: Nano Convergence

Article Title: Technology for the formation of engineered microvascular network models and their biomedical applications

doi: 10.1186/s40580-024-00416-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fabrication of a microvascular network by microfluidic systems. A Cross-sectional imaging thickness and Z-position = 10 μm for representative channels (optical channels) after 9 days of microfluidic perfusion culture of endothelial cells in a sacrificial lattice. (Figure reprinted with permission from Ref. ). B , a Schematic diagram of the printed vascular channel construct. b Fluorescence image of the printed vascular channel construct by wide-field microscope. HUVECs are visualized in red, beads flow in green. (Figure reprinted with permission from Ref. ). C Endothelialized channels are readily fabricated in the presence of encapsulated stromal cells. A single-layer channel was generated by photodegradation. Channels were then endothelialized with HUVECs, cultured for 4 days, fixed, and stained for F-actin (red). The sample is viewed ( a – c ) as Z-, X-, and Y-direction maximum intensity projections. (Figure reprinted with permission from Ref. ). D In vitro microvascular network model of the peritoneum. a PDMS mold with patterned channels were fabricated using soft lithography and bonded to a glass coverslip. The central gel region (green) contained cells and a fibrin hydrogel. The side channels and reservoirs (purple) as well as the top channel and reservoir (orange) were filled with cell culture medium. Scale bar, 3 mm. b A confocal microscopy image of the microvascular networks within the device, in which ECs express GFP, cell nuclei are stained with DAPI (blue), and lipid droplets in Acs are stained with LipidTox (white). Scale bar, 30 μm. (Figure reprinted with permission from Ref. ). E Create a tricompartmental model of the arteriole-to-capillary-to-venule microvasculature. Capillaries (middle) modeled by perfusable MVNs made from endothelial cells (EC, green) and fibroblasts (FB) in fibrin gel, venule (left) modeled by collagen channel with EC monolayer, arteriole (right) modeled by collagen channel with smooth muscle cells (SMC, magenta); the scale bar is 250 μm. (Figure reprinted with permission from Ref. ) F The modular microfluidic system combines two PDMS layers. The different morphological properties of the capillaries generated using diamond-, half-rectangle and rectangle-shaped chambers were analyzed. The rectangle-shaped tissue chambers generated the largest capillaries. (Figure reprinted with permission from Ref. )

Article Snippet: Fig. 5 Fabrication of a microvascular network by microfluidic systems.

Techniques: Imaging, Construct, Fluorescence, Microscopy, Generated, Cell Culture, Staining, In Vitro, Confocal Microscopy

Journal: Nano Convergence

Article Title: Technology for the formation of engineered microvascular network models and their biomedical applications

doi: 10.1186/s40580-024-00416-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: Techniques for microvascular network formation

Article Snippet: Fig. 5 Fabrication of a microvascular network by microfluidic systems.

Techniques: Control

Journal: Nano Convergence

Article Title: Technology for the formation of engineered microvascular network models and their biomedical applications

doi: 10.1186/s40580-024-00416-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: Properties of various biomaterials for microvascular network formation

Article Snippet: Fig. 5 Fabrication of a microvascular network by microfluidic systems.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Viscosity, Cell Culture, Binding Assay

Journal: Nano Convergence

Article Title: Technology for the formation of engineered microvascular network models and their biomedical applications

doi: 10.1186/s40580-024-00416-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: Advantages and disadvantages of cell types used for microvascular network formation

Article Snippet: Fig. 5 Fabrication of a microvascular network by microfluidic systems.

Techniques: Modification

Journal: Advanced Science

Article Title: Development of Polymeric Nanoparticles for Blood–Brain Barrier Transfer—Strategies and Challenges

doi: 10.1002/advs.202003937

Figure Lengend Snippet: An overview of ligands used to target the BBB, their specific targets, and examples of animal models and cell lines used

Article Snippet: [ ] In addition, SynVivo commercialized a 3D microvascular network named SynBBB that has been employed to develop an in vitro neo‐natal BBB model. [ , ] Hesperos Inc., (Orlando, USA) also commercialized a BBB microfluidic chip tailored for culturing human‐derived iPS cells to investigate the transport mechanisms through the BBB.

Techniques: Glycoproteomics, Virus

Journal: Journal of Biomedical Optics

Article Title: Two-photon microscopy of cortical NADH fluorescence intensity changes: correcting contamination from the hemodynamic response

doi: 10.1117/1.3633339

Figure Lengend Snippet: Hematocrit and optical scattering coefficient of the whole blood as a function of the microvascular diameter.

Article Snippet: Here, we utilized realistic three-dimensional (3-D) microvascular anatomical networks of cortical microvasculature obtained by in vivo TPLSM imaging.

Techniques:

Journal: Journal of Biomedical Optics

Article Title: Two-photon microscopy of cortical NADH fluorescence intensity changes: correcting contamination from the hemodynamic response

doi: 10.1117/1.3633339

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of the ray-tracing algorithm with the experimental data. (a) Maximum intensity projection (MIP) of a 400-μm-thick microvascular stack labeled with FITC in rat primary somatosensory cortex. (b) MIP of the 110-μm-thick reconstructed microvasculature obtained from (a) using microvascular graphing. Vessel diameters were presented with different shades of gray. (c, e) TPLSM images of NADH and SR101 fluorescence intensities at a depth of 110 μm. Scale bars are 100 μm. (d, f) Fluorescence intensity profiles (black dots) along the white dotted lines from (c) and (e), respectively. Solid lines represent the results of the full ray-tracing algorithms (fluorescence excitation and emission detection), while dashed lines represent ray-tracing results based on blood absorption of emission detection only.

Article Snippet: Here, we utilized realistic three-dimensional (3-D) microvascular anatomical networks of cortical microvasculature obtained by in vivo TPLSM imaging.

Techniques: Comparison, Labeling, Fluorescence

Journal: Journal of Biomedical Optics

Article Title: Two-photon microscopy of cortical NADH fluorescence intensity changes: correcting contamination from the hemodynamic response

doi: 10.1117/1.3633339

Figure Lengend Snippet: Dependence of detected relative NADH fluorescence intensity on microvascular structure and imaging parameters. (a–c) Relative NADH fluorescence intensity dependence on vessel diameter (5–80 μm) and lateral distance at imaging depths of 20, 50, and 100 μm, respectively. (d, e) summarize the information presented in (a–c). Contour lines represent 50 and 90% intensity levels. (f) Influence of objective NA on detected relative NADH signal in the presence of the pial vessel with 50-μm diameter at three imaging depths (20, 50, and 100 μm).

Article Snippet: Here, we utilized realistic three-dimensional (3-D) microvascular anatomical networks of cortical microvasculature obtained by in vivo TPLSM imaging.

Techniques: Fluorescence, Imaging

Journal: Journal of Biomedical Optics

Article Title: Two-photon microscopy of cortical NADH fluorescence intensity changes: correcting contamination from the hemodynamic response

doi: 10.1117/1.3633339

Figure Lengend Snippet: NADH fluorescence emission intensity change during respiratory arrest. (a) Maximum intensity projection of a 200-μm-thick microvascular stack labeled with FITC in rat SI cortex. (b) NADH fluorescence intensity map 100 μm below cortical surface. Scale bar: 100 μm. (c) Temporal profile of relative NADH fluorescence intensity changes from the ROI outlined by black line in (b). An initial 95 s of normal breathing (FiO2 = 21%) was followed by 70 s of respiratory arrest and subsequent return to normal breathing. The respiratory arrest period is marked by the black bar in (c).

Article Snippet: Here, we utilized realistic three-dimensional (3-D) microvascular anatomical networks of cortical microvasculature obtained by in vivo TPLSM imaging.

Techniques: Fluorescence, Labeling